Net Bytes - March/April 2002
compiled by Jean Sorensen

Arabian Naming Rules Change
In order to allow owners more flexibility in naming horses, the Arabian Horse Registry has modified its 40 year-old rule that defines naming options for Arabian horses. The total number of characters has been expanded from 17 to 21 and the number of parts of a name has been increased from three to four.

Also, Arabian horse owners now have the option to change the name of their horses. Name changes apply to domestic horses provided that the horse has no registered progeny, has not been imported (except in utero) or exported, and has not been issued a Certificate of Registration for Racing. The Registry understands that owners sometimes aren't delighted with the names they inherited when purchasing a horse, or for business reasons they want to change the spelling or parts of the horse's name.

Online Arab Pedigree Source
http://www.arabdatasource.com
For pedigrees, progeny, etc. You can pay $9.95 for daily, $24.95 for monthly and $94.95 for the year.

Famous Arab Pictures
www.reinback.com is an excellent site. For instance, for Nabor, try: http://www.reinback.com/nabor.htm

Nabor Trivia: His original registered name in Poland was Nabor -one R. There was already an American horse registered with that name, however, so the second R was added when when Nabor was imported so it became Naborr.

"Palomino" Arabians
www.pharafarm.com/history.html
Here is the source for the "purebred Palominos." Note that Phara does not claim they are palominos but you'll find Phara breeding behind just about all the "double registered" Arabians claiming to be palomino, and this is where the lovely color, excellent type and conformation comes from. However, they are light chestnut, not palomino.

Neither of the two registries for Palomino horses requires genetic testing to prove that a horse is a genetic palomino. All they care about is how the horse looks because they are "color breed" registries. There have been some Purebred Arabians registered as Palominos by these two associations simply because they are such light chestnuts that they fit the color requirements established by these two registries. The color requirements are based solely on appearance, not on genetics.
http://www.palominohorseassoc.com/ is for the Palomino Horse Association.
http://www.palominohba.com/ is for the Palomino Horse Breeders of America.

The Arabian Registries
The IAHA does not register the purebred Arabians. The purebred registry, in the US, is maintained by the Arabian Horse Registry of America. You can find its web site at: http://www.theregistry.org/

The IAHA maintains the Anglo-Arab (TB/Arab crosses) and the Half -Arabian Registry. Their web page is: http://www.iaha.com/

Anglo-Arabians are crosses between Arabians and Thoroughbreds, and no other blood is allowed. However, they differ a bit from other Half-Arabians. Other Half-Arabians must have one purebred Arabian parent in order to be registered with the IAHA. An Anglo-Arabian may be Arabian to TB, Anglo-Arabian to Arabian, Anglo-Arabian to TB, and Anglo-Arabian to Anglo-Arabian, as long as there is no more than 75 percent nor less then 25 percent Arabian blood in the offspring.
www.iaha.com/horses/angloarabian.htm

Mexican Color Terms
From Mustangs and Cow Horses by J. Frank Dobie, pp.128-131
Alaza'n--sorrel
Alaza'n tostado--chestnut sorrel, a color greatly esteemed. The vaqueros have a rhyme: "Alaza'n tostado, primero muerto que cansado." (The chestnut sorrel dies before he tires)
Alaza'n roa'n--blonde sorrel
Andaluz--yellow with blondish mane and tail
Aplumodo-any color with small white markings resembling feathers.Very rare.
Azulejo-dark blue roan
Barroso-smutty dun
Bayo-dun
Bayo azafranado-golden dun
Bayo tigre-dun with primitive markings
Blanco-white (born white)
Canelo-"cinnamon" blue roan; blue roan with red hairs mixed in.
Cebruno-dark brown
Champurrado-chocolate brown
Colorado-bay
Coyote-dark or smutty dun with black points
Golondrino-dark brown with golden flecks ("swallow-colored")
Grullo-black dun (grullo means "sand-hill crane")
Guero-albino [cream or perlino]
**Manchado-white, with patches containing sparse black hairs; not gray, but "soiled" or "stained" looking (manchado means"stained")
Melado-white (aged grays)
Mojino-dark brown, almost black
Negro-black
Obscuro-dark bay
Palomino-golden dun, esteemed in America but considered of little account in Mexico.
Pinto-spotted (a general term)
Prieto-black
Retinto-bright bay
Rocillo-roan
Rocillo azul-ordinary blue roan
Rocillo picado-white with red roan flanks
Rusbayo-light golden dun
Sabino-piebald
Tordillo-"thrush colored" iron gray
Trigueno-"trigo" means wheat; light brown
Zaino-bay with light markings

Cabos negros-black points
Carablanca-blaze-faced
Casquinegro-black-hooved
Coliralo-rat-tailed
Colicorto-short-tailed
Coludo-long-tailed
Criniralo-sparse-maned
Crinudo-long-maned
Cruzado-cross-marked on forehead
Estrello-star-faced
Picoblanco-white-nosed
Rabicorto-short-tailed
Rabo'n-bob-tailed [docked]
Rabicano-tail and mane dark with white hairs intermixed
Zarco-blue-eyed
albo-white feet
cuatralbo-four white feet
dosalbo-two white feet
manalbo-white forefeet
manoblanco-one white forefoot
patablanca-one white hindfoot
trasalbo-white hindfeet
tresalbo-three white feet

**Manchado is the term that is being used for the "new" overo pattern that's been found in Argentina. The word "manchado" means stained but that it suggests stained as in something was "splattered on". The Manchado overo does look really splattered.

For those that have seen pictures of the Argentinean Arabian Trabag - that is the pattern being called "manchado overo". Apparently it's appeared in that country in Hackneys, Criollos, and Anglo-Normans.

Sabino Belgians?
Yes, there are Belgians with the sabino pattern! They do not seem to be as radically marked as is typical with Clydesdales however.

To Greener Pastures
Fourteen year old Thoroughbred stallion Unbridled was euthanized October 18 after a severe bout with colic. He was the 1990 Kentucky Derby and Breeders Cup Classic winner and a stakes-winner producing sire.

Unbridled's 3 yo daughter Exogenous did not recover from her Breeders Cup injuries and was euthanized. A full article can be viewed at: http://news.bloodhorse.com/viewstory.asp?id=6705

The Morgan stallion Courage of Equinox passed away October 13, 2001.

1995 cremello Zweibruecker stallion Mascarpone GF passed away Dec. 26, 2001, due to a stall accident. He was the only approved cremello warmblood stallion in the world. See him at: www.gestuet-falkenhorst.de/mascaeng.htm.

Gwen also lost the stallion Malteser Gold January 15. His heart just 'stopped' suddenly.

Wap's Spot 2 was put him down on Nov 13, 2001 after he suffered a stroke. He was 29.

1977 bay Arabian stallion Taco Bay was put down Dec. 26, 2001. He had chronic arthritis.

21 yo Oldenburger stallion Donnerhall died Jan. 14, 2001 from acute intestinal poisoning. See him at:
http://www.horsemagazine.com/BREEDINGBARN/GREAT_STALLIONS/donnerhall/donnerhall.html
or
www.stallions-online.net/stallions/stallions_donnerhall_don_primero.shtml

20 yo NCHA leading sire Bob Acre Doc died Oct. 12, 2001, from equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Bob Acre Doc earned more than $300,000 with NCHA. He was also the 1991 NCHA World Champion, the 1987 Reserve NCHA World Champion and was the NCHA Finals champion. In 1990, at the AQHA World Show, Bob Acre Doc was the Reserve World Champion in senior cutting. He sired 704 Quarter Horses. His foals have earned more than $5 million with NCHA and more than $30,000 with the National Reining Horse Association. He sired two AQHA world champions and one Reserve World Champion out of 68 performers.

On July 11, 2001, Appaloosa stallion Impressive Andrew was put to rest at the age of 17. He had been suffering from a prolonged infection in one hoof that had led to laminitis in the opposing hoof.

What is an Appendix Quarter Horse
The AQHA allows out-crossing to Thoroughbreds. The offspring of a QH and a TB is registered in the AQHA Appendix registry. The only restriction on an Appendix horse is that it must be bred to a regular registered QH in order to produce a registerable QH foal.

Appendix horses are shown in the same classes and under the same rules and standards as regular registry horses. An Appendix horse can be "advanced" to the regular registry via several methods, including show wins. Once the horse is advanced, there are no restrictions on it. And that's how come there are such high-percentage TBs registered as QH.

Appaloosa Patterns Theory
What are the dominant and recessive traits in App patterns?

The current theory is that all appaloosa coat patterns, with the possible/probable exception of "App roan", result from the same gene, usually called the 'leopard complex'. The leopard complex is dominant but may be expressed as minimally as the "characteristics only" horses. It is also currently believed that "snowcap" horses are homozygous for the leopard complex.

The Overo Patterns
Overo is an umbrella term that really doesn't tell you much about the horse's pattern except that it's not obviously tobiano. The term overo is used in this country to refer to pintos carrying one of at least three genes:
-frame
-sabino
-splash white

The reason it says "at least three genes" is that there is increasing evidence that there's more than one sabino gene.

Each of these patterns is the result of a separate gene at a separate locus.

A horse called "overo" may carry more than one of these genes. For example, any time you see a frame with white socks or stockings, the horse probably also carries sabino or splash because frame tends to minimize leg white.

A frame horse that does not carry the sabino gene cannot produce a sabino
- unless, of course, the other parent can supply the sabino gene.
All of the patterns are dominant; however, they can be VERY minimally expressed and may not be recognized as a result.

Blue Eyes
Blue eyes are actually not a characteristic of sabinos. Some sabinos do have blue eyes but that percentage is quite low and is usually not caused by the sabino gene. For instance, when looking at the Clydesdale studbooks, less than .5% had a blue eye or eyes - despite the fact that the breed appears to be 100% sabino.

It is true that blue eyes are more common in pintos than in undiluted solids and are most reliably found in horses with the splash pattern. Splash is the pattern that will consistently reproduce blue eyes. Frame will produce blue eyes less consistently.

There are blue-eyed tobianos and blue-eyed solids, some with very little or even no facial white. In these horses, the trait seems to run in families but still has a very low occurrence rate and may skip over generations.

Splash vs Sabino
What exactly is the difference between Sabino and Splash? Genetically, the two are completely unrelated genes. From a visual standpoint, the most obvious differences are the edges of the patterns and the color of the eyes. Sabinos have lacey-edged patterns, whereas splash patterns have more distinct, crisper edges. And sabinos are generally dark eyed (blue eyes happen rarely) and splash overos are generally blue eyed even when the pattern is minimal. There are other differences, but those are the easiest to spot.

It is possible for the horse to possess both genes? Yes, horses can have any number of pattern genes because they are all inherited independently. Different patterns react differently to each other but in the case of sabino and splash together, what you usually end up with is a horse that has what looks like a splash pattern but the edges are lacey and/or roany.

To view differences between sabino and splash, look at pinto Arabians and Clydesdales, which are sabino. And nearly all of the pinto Thoroughbreds are just sabino (although at least one looks splash). By contrast, many non-tobiano Icelandics are splash white.

So what pattern happens with a crop-out? That depends on the breed. ALL overo patterns can "crop out" because they can be so minimally expressed that the parents seem non-patterned (though an experienced eye can often spot these minimal overos). Whether or not a given pattern can crop out depends on what's possible in the breed, and in the specific bloodline.

In Quarter Horses, the most common overo pattern to crop out is sabino but splash, frame, tobiano appaloosa, and combinations of these have also cropped out. It just depends on the bloodline.

For crop-out splashes, Gambling Man is an excellent example. The Bright Eyes line also produced a fair number of splash crop-outs. Maddon's Bright Eyes was also a minimally marked splash.

For photos on the different patterns, try:
http://www.coloredhorses.com/PPnew.html

Straight From The Horses Mouth
A true roan Trakehner!
http://www.gestuetfalkenhorst.de/roan.htm
Yes, the mare is a true roan Trakehner. If you go further down you see the sire of her dam, Insterfeuer. Her dam also is a roan and so was the sire of her dam, Insterfeuer. He got his color also from his dam and he produced the approved stallion Bukephalos who is now standing in Canada. Bukephalos is a black (blue) roan.

Check It Out
A series of charts and essays at Thoroughbred Heritage: http://www.tbheritage.com. There are sire line charts showing winners of major UK, European and American steeplechases and some international level show jumpers and eventers in tail-male descent all the way back to the three extant Thoroughbred foundation sires. There's also an essay on the Thoroughbred roots of the top 100 show jumpers of the past decade (based on FEI/BCM rankings). There are also charts showing the winners, sires/dams and dam sires of 6 major steeplechases from their inception.

Those deeply interested in Thoroughbred pedigrees might want to subscribe to this: The Postrider. www.pedigreepost.com
Pedigree Predictions will be available exclusively in Postrider. In this feature, we will point out sires whose daughters would be best suited to be bred to young sires before they have runners along with the stats that come with them

Champagne Eyes and Mottling
Also straight from the horses mouth: After evaluating possible champagnes since 1998, Kathy Stumph of the Champagne Horse Assn has found there are some things that MUST be present for a horse to be a champagne. Pink skin, mottling, and bright blue eyes at birth. The mottling begins to appear at about three months of age and gets heavier as a horse ages. But by the time they are yearlings there is plenty of mottling around the eyes, under the tail and on the muzzle. These rules hold true no matter what the shade, ivory, gold, amber or classic. The blue eyes may remain if the champagne horse has another gene at work like a cream gene or an overo gene etc. For more information and pictures concerning this subject check out the Champagne Horse Assn website.

Chocklate Confetti
1982 bay leopard stallion
1st breeding stallion registered with the Appaloosa Sporthorse Assn.

------Chocolate Sunday (by King Cambuscan, a Saddlebred)
----Bear Paw 1952 bay blanket
------Chocolate Highlight
--Mulino Cousin
------Toby II
----Patch 1952 brown blanket
------Lolo
Chocklate Confetti
------Red Ace
----Red Ace's Wild Card
------Pawnee Rose
--Jokers Confetti
------Malibu Apache Ice
----Shamrock's Miss Print
------Jokers Shamrock

He is the sire of Confetti's Shadow, 1990 bay blanket, Appaloosa Sport Horse Champion.

The Gypsy Vanner Soapbox
Gypsy Vanner is a trademark (not copyright) term referring to real horses. In other words, you cannot advertise your (real) Irish Cob, etc. as a Gypsy Vanner.

If you are interested in Coloured Cobs, which is how they are known in the UK, check out the Coloured Horse Societies such as CHaPs (Coloured Horse and Pony Society). Those "Gypsy Vanners" can be Coloured Cobs instead!

The British Drum Horses are a combination of Draft and pinto (although not all are pinto coloured), the most recent ones of Clydesdale ancestry. However, all this proves is that tobiano pintos and heavy horses were both present in the UK gene pool and that they were at some point crossed. It doesn't in any way substantiate the Gypsy Vanner myth.

In the last 30 years or so, it became almost impossible to find pinto drum horses from 'traditional' sources (farmers, haulage companies, dairies, etc), so they are now bred by HM The Queen, using pinto Dutch Warmblood sires on suitable mares. These pinto sires are also available to the public, since, although the property of Her Majesty, they are leased out, and have done a lot to improve the quality of coloured stock in the UK.

Gypsy Shires is a name being given to pinto Shires at this web site:
http://www.sportshires.com/sportshires.htm

Traditional 'Gypsy' Type Classifications
Pony: Relatively heavy boned and usually feathered horse standing 13 to 14 hh. They are usually "pinto" colored, piebald or skewbald. They usually display the characteristics of their draft horse origin.
Cob: Relatively heavy boned and usually feathered horse standing 14 to 15.2hh. They are usually "pinto" colored, piebald or skewbald. They usually display the characteristics of their draft horse origin.
Vanner: Heavy boned and usually feathered horse standing 15.2hh and over, usually not over about 16.2hh. They are usually "pinto" colored, piebald or skewbald. They usually display the characteristics of their draft horse origin. *Variation on Vanner: Some Europeans refer to Vanners as the lighter boned and feathered, ("non-traditional") horses that are used for riding.
Drum Horse: A type of heavy horse bred by the British Cavalry that is often heavy boned and feathered, standing 16.0hh and over. They are usually "pinto" colored, piebald or skewbald. They usually display the characteristics of their draft horse origin, and are most commonly a cross of gypsy horse blood with Shire or Clydesdale horse blood. The large and heavily feathered ones are very rare and highly prized.

Morgan Colors
War Paint's living descendants are excluded from AMHA due to being born during the high white ban and then once that was lifted in 1996, not being able to fulfill blood typing requirements as their parent(s) were deceased.

However, they have completely done away with any color rules as of 1996. Everyone has to be blood typed now.

Now, that doesn't mean that all colors exist in the breed. For example, there are no known tobiano Morgans and no known appaloosa Morgans. Dark headed roans are thought to be extinct, as the only known true roan is a gelding. There may be a champagne that was recently born. There is now a confirmed silver dapple. No known splash whites exist. There is grey, all shades of dun, palomino, buckskin, cremellos, perlino and rabicano. Sabino is not rare, minimally marked chestnut sabino Morgans are quite common. And now it appears there is at least one, breeding age, registered frame overo Morgan mare:
http://colormorgans.tripod.com/colorful.html
This is Sky Walker AB (by Moreeda Andrew, almost full Lippitt, out of Q Tawny, the palomino mare of Cross breeding that figures so prominently in Loretta Brown's palominos), a 1982 palomino overo mare. She has never had a foal. She is blood typed. AMHA registration #0139012. Owned by Karen and Fred Beck of Angola, Indiana.

You can also check out pictures of the possible champagne foal at the above Morgan color web site.

Golden Cavalier
Golden Cavalier 19812, ASB stallion foaled 1935. (He and Palomino Peavine 16521 may possibly the same horse - many of Cavalier's get have "Palomino Peavine" in their own names) He was among the most famous and influential of the 'gold-skinned palominos' - which means he was actually a champagne. He was also said to produce 80% color, so he carried the Cr (cream) gene as well. From photos, however, he looks a little too dark to be an ivory champagne.

--------Anglo Rex 1913 chestnut
----Anglo Peavine 1920 bay
--------Hazel Rose 1903 bay
--Dora's Peavine 1929 chestnut
--------Forest King 1894 bay
----Linnie Lee 1916 chestnut
--------Mildred Whirlwind 1907 chest
Golden Cavalier 1935 champagne
--------Dr. Hockaday 1907 chestnut
----Callaway Peavine 1925 bay
--------Mary Sue 1917 brown
--California Peavine 1928 brown
--------Bracken King 1902 chestnut
----Daisy n/a
--------Maud n/a

Colorful Saddlebreds
True roans do exist and can be found on the ASB database online: www.asha.net.

Masquerade Party, 1982 chestnut and white splash. Sire was Center Ring, also splash.

Beau Decision, an all-white sabino who threw some rather suspiciously "Frame + Sabino"-looking foals, was tested for Lethal White and it came back positive, which surprised everyone. His parents are said to have looked just like him. He is at:
www.overosaddlebred.com
Artistic Perfection is a classically marked Splash.

Some well-known sabinos include: American Born, Buck and Wing, The Replica, American Patches, The Baron (super loud body spots).

A couple with markings that could be either Splash or Sabino are: Carnation Chief and Ann Oddity.

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